.... .... 45 ALTERNATE EXPLANATIONS OF BEING ........................... 47 CONCLUSIONS ............................................... 48 INTRODUCTION Theories explaining biological evolution have been bandied about since the ancient Greeks, but it was not until the Enlightment of the 18th century that widespread acceptance and development of this theory emerged. In the mid 19th century english naturalist Charles Darwin - who has been called the "father of evolution" - conceived of the most comprehensive findings about organic evolution ever1. Today many of his principles still entail modern .....

.... Does this mean that since there is potential for abuse, all experimentation should be banned? This would mean that society would be condemned to remain at the same level of knowledge (status quo)? Bioethically speaking, how far can we go in the study of the human without crossing the line? The fundamental question is, since we are the ones drawing the line, where do we draw it? The purpose of this essay is to provide a clear sense of the present law on this issue. To review the problems raised by experimentation on animals. THE CURRENT STATE OF THE LAW Biomedical experimentation .....

.... attached to the side of the house was a veritable jungle to a young boy and it was in this environment of learned eccentricity and an unforced seeking of knowledge that Darwin's fascination for natural history and biology began." (D 6) However, growing up in the family home of Dr. Robert Darwin, was not exactly the most pleasant aspect of young Charles Darwin's life. After the death of his mother, Charles had become rather listless and buried himself in his work or in the pursuits of wealthy youth. The time after the loss of him mother was a wasted period spent in an institution whic .....

.... a difference in pressure between two different points. If the concentration of one side of the membrane is greater than the molecules will travel from the higher to lower concentration. Eventually there will be a dynamic equilibrium and there will be no net movement of molecules from one side to the other. Osmosis is the diffusion of water. Like diffusion, the water moves from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential. Solutions have three different stages that the solutes can be classified in: isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic. Isotonic is when .....

.... a live frog. The technique used was known as embryo twinning, or causing the embryo to split apart. It is much easier to clone with embryonic cells. Much later, mammals such as sheep were cloned using this process. (Nash 64) In 1970, John Gurdon repeated the procedure suggested by Hans Spemann. This time, the experiment yielded partial success. The tadpoles were born alive, but they died when they began to feed. He showed that transplanted nuclei reverted to an embryonic state. In the early 1980's, there was some controversy over the reported cloning of mice. Karl Illmensee and Peter .....

.... Many feel that this may be due to the protective effect that estrogen has on the blood vessels of females. There may actually be a direct correlation to reduced serum iron levels due to menses. Whereas men " build-up" iron in the blood, women cleanse themselves of iron buildup on the monthly basis. Meyers (1996) also states that oxidation, the process in which an atom increases its positive charges (Miller and Keane, 1992), of low density lipoprotein cholesterol is important in atherosclerosis, and since oxidation is catalyzed by iron, it has been hypothesized that the lower iron stor .....

.... the preservation of certain wildlife. NO DEFENSE Areas in Ontario mainly southern regions that are near the Great Lakes, such substances as limestone or other known antacids can neutralize acids entering the body of water thereby protecting it. However, large areas of Ontario that are near the Pre-Cambrian Shield, with quartzite or granite based geology and little top soil, there is not enough buffering capacity to neutralize even small amounts of acid falling on the soil and the lakes. Therefore over time, the basic environment shifts from an alkaline to a acidic o .....

.... a cell membrane, a nucleus can be seen. The nucleus is the control center of the cell. Between the nucleus and the membrane, there is a polysaccharide matrix called the cytoplasm, where organelles can be found. The organelles are attached to a framework. The cell’s cytoskeleton. Every living cell has the ability to detect signals from it’s environment. The signals are usually in the form of chemical molecules, that the cell has learned to recognize. The cell decodes these molecules into messages, and acts upon them. The cell has a “language”. Signals and messages are carri .....

.... air, or other gases are used in applications where values of capacitance required do not have to be large, but the energy loss in the dielectric must be very small. Some applications for these are in radio- frequency circuits and low- frequency measuring circuits where great precision is required. Another type of capacitor uses castor or mineral oil for the dielectric. Oil insulated are used in applications where larger values of the capacitance are required. also use solid dielectrics such as films of synthetic materials, paper, glass, and mica. Mica has excellent properties as a d .....

.... of new brain cells will probably result in a more successful strategy than attempting to grow the cells outside the body and then placing them back into the brains of patients, as some scientists have suggested. Goldman, of Cornell University Medical College in New York, and colleagues surgically extracted brain cells from the hippocampus of eight living male patients, ranging in age from 5 to 63 years, while they underwent surgery for another reason. The investigators isolated stem cells from the brain tissue. The stem cells were then grown in culture along .....