.... that “Developments in the field of genetics offer the possibility of bringing all life processes under control. We must step carefully into this vast new field of science with the understanding that putting a patent on the melanoma gene or the baldness gene for that matter is simply playing God in a potentially dangerous way.” (Appleyard, Bryan, Jan 98, Smithsonian) These are only a few examples of scientific developments that in my mind raise the question: in science? Mr. Appleyard could not have been more on point in his allusion to Aldous Huxley’s novel “Brave New World” w .....

.... a fairly constant ratio of major elements, salinity and seawater can fluctuate. Normally, the salinity is thirty-four to thirty-seven parts per thousand (ppt.), but on a particularly rainy morning, the salinity may decrease to something as low as thirty-two ppt. (Stuller 29). The mixing of freshwater and sea water forms a third type of water, known as brackish water. Brackish water can be found in a variety of mixing zones such as river deltas, freshwater title marshes, estuaries, fjords, and in the middle of the ocean (Stuller 30). To begin with, freshwater traveling towards the sea ca .....

.... is a (rather detailed) description of the process: "The cycling protocol consisted of 25-30 cycles of three- temperatures: strand denaturation at 95degC, primer annealing at 55degC, and primer extension at 72deg C, typically 30 seconds, 30 seconds, and 60 seconds for the DNA Thermal Cycler and 4 seconds, 10 seconds, and 60 seconds for the Thermal Cycler 9600, respectively." Basically, that means that they set it to certain temperatures, then put it in different cyles for different amounts of time. PCR machines can be compared with washing machines. There are the different temperatures ( .....

.... and yet flexible shape to underlying fibrous elastic tissue. The body is enveloped in a thick layer of blubber that aids in bouyancy, helps to preserve body heat, and is a source of stored energy. A cetacean’s skin is free of sweat glands, oil glands, or hair, and feels much like smooth, wet rubber to the touch. Cetaceans, like other mammals, have lungs. They breathe air through a single nostril, or pair of nostrils, located on the top of the head; but contrary to a popular image, they do not “spout” water when they exhale. The visible spout, the size and shape of which is unique to .....

.... calcium aluminoferrites and usually containing one or more forms of calcium sulfate (gypsum) as an interground addition. Materials used in the manufacture of portland cement must contain appropriate proportions of calcium oxide, silica, alumina, and iron oxide components. During manufacture, analyses of all materials are made frequently to ensure a uniformly high quality cement. Selected raw materials are crushed, milled, and proportioned in such a way that the resulting mixture has the desired chemical composition. The raw materials are generally a mixture of calcareous .....

.... fibre optics to their destination where they are decoded into their original form. Combinations of long and short bursts of electric current are sent through a circuit thereby encoding each letter of the alphabet. More efficient transmission facilities were developed as the mining industry developed. The discovery of electricity sped up the development of mining through electric lighting and better machinery and ventilation, which led to better materials for wires and cables. Telegraph lines were set up along the CPR in 1885 as a convenient root, but also to relay information about the po .....

.... crops. They first gathered several hundred halophytes and began testing these plants in the desert of Puerto Peñasco. They irrigated the plants daily by flooding the fields with seawater from the Gulf of California. The best halophytes produced roughly the yield of alfalfa using freshwater irrigation. In order to show that these halophytes could replace other crops for use they tested to see if the crops could feed livestock. The halophytes have protein and carbohydrates but they contain too much salt. This limits the amount an animal can eat and dilutes the nutritional value. T .....

.... for reducing sugars, the iodine test for the presence of starch, the Sudan III test for fatty acids, and the Biuret test for amino groups present in proteins. The last part of this lab takes an unknown substance and by the four tests, determine what the substance is. BENEDICT'S TEST Introduction: Monosaccharides and disaccharides can be detected because of their free aldehyde groups, thus, testing positive for the Benedict's test. Such sugars act as a reducing agent, and is called a reducing sugar. By mixing the sugar solution with the Benedict's solution and adding heat, an oxidation- .....

.... long, about half as long as its body. use their tails for balance when they run through fast turns. They also use their tails to communicate with other . Where did tigers come from? Tigers (and all other carnivores) are descended from civet-like animals called miacids that lived during the age of the dinosaurs about 60 million years ago. These small mammals, with long bodies and short flexible limbs, evolved over millions of years into several hundred different species, including cats, bears, dogs and weasels. Approximately 37 cat species exist today, including Panthera tigris, the tig .....

.... in the oceans. Traces are found in seawater plants and animal organisms. Very small traces of Rubidium are found in the leaves of tobacco, tea, and coffee, as well as some other plants. Rubidium is similar to lithium and cesium, which are found in combined forms as complex minerals. It is not found in a pure elemental (metallic) state in nature, but only as compounds in mineral deposits such as pollucite, carnallite, lepidolite, leucite, and zinnwaldite, in addition to mineral springs. These various minerals are found in the United States in California, South Dakota, New Mexico, and .....